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But how do you create a system that has a decentralized ledger How do you give someone the ability to upgrade the ledger without giving them too much powerin case they become corrupt or negligent in their work
Well, Bitcoins rulesalso known as the Bitcoin protocolsolves that in a Really creative manner I love to call Who Wants to Be a Banker
In short, anyone who wants to take part in updating the ledger of Bitcoin transactions, known as the blockchain, can do this. All you need is to guess a random number that solves an equation generated by the system. Sounds easy, right
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Obviously, this guessing is all done by your PC. The stronger your computer is, the further guesses you can create in one second, increasing your chances of winning this match. If you manage to guess correctly, you earn bitcoins and have to write the next page of Bitcoin transactions on the blockchain. .
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1. Once your mining computer comes up with the right guess, your mining system determines which of these current pending transactions will be grouped together into the next block of transactions. Compiling this cube represents the moment of glory, as youve now become a temporary banker of Bitcoin who has to upgrade the Bitcoin transaction ledger known as the blockchain. .
2. The block youve created, along with the solution, is sent to the whole network so other computers can validate it. Its a bit similar to a Rubiks cube: The solution is very tough to attain but quite easy to validate.
3. Every computer that validates your solution upgrades its copy of the Bitcoin transaction ledger with the transactions that you chose to include in the block.
4. The machine generates a fixed amount of bitcoins (currently 12.5) and benefits them to you as compensation for the time and energy you spent solving the math issue.
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5. Additionally, you get paid any transaction fees that were attached to the transactions you inserted into the next block.
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6. All the transactions in the block youve only entered are now confirmed from the Bitcoin network and are virtually irreversible.
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So thats Bitcoin mining in a nutshell. Its called mining due to the simple fact that this process helps mine new Bitcoins from the system. But if you think about it, the mining component is merely a by-product of the transaction confirmation procedure. Therefore that the name is a bit misleading, since the main objective of mining would be to maintain the ledger in a decentralized manner. .
As you can imagine, since mining is based on a form of guessing, for every block, a different miner will suppose the number and be granted the right to upgrade the blockchain. Of course, the miners with more computing power will succeed more often, but on account of the regulation of statistical probability, its highly unlikely that the same miner will succeed every time. .
Now you know what Bitcoin mining is, you might be thinking, Cool! Free money! Where do I sign up Well, not so fast
Satoshi Nakamoto, who invented Bitcoin, crafted the rules for mining in a way that the more mining power the network has, the harder it is to guess the answer to the mining mathematics issue. Therefore that the difficulty of the mining process is actually self-adjusting to the gathered mining capability the network owns. .
If more miners join, it is going to get more difficult to address the issue; when many of them fall off, it will get easier. This is known as mining difficulty.
Now, rememberthis is on average. We can have two cubes being added minute after minute and then wait an hour for the next block. In the long run, this will even out to ten minutes on average.
As you can imagine, this kind of self-adjusting mechanism has created a type of arms race to get the most efficient and strong miners as soon as possible.
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When Bitcoin first started out, there werent a lot of miners on the market. In fact, Satoshi, the inventor of Bitcoin, and his friend Hal Finney were a couple of the only people mining Bitcoin back at the time using their own personal computers.
Using your CPU (central processing unityour computers brain and an integrated component in any computer) was enough for mining Bitcoin back in 2009, since mining difficulty was low. Since Bitcoin began to catch on, folks looked for more powerful mining solutions.